what is similar about the deaths in france and poland ww2

He notes that in general, the numbers declaring a particular language do not mesh with the numbers declaring the corresponding nationality. Read More What Was The Underlying Cause Of World War 1 Essay 719 Words | 3 Pages World War 2 Casualties (Pie Chart) Answer (1 of 7): Likely there would be no WWII, but the Soviet action and the results of those would be a question mark. It is reminiscent in the first instance of Woodrow Wilsons call for a League of Nations in 1916 and 1917, when he was still determined to stay out of the European war. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, ISBN978-83-7629-067-6. Dispropaganda is 100% independent non partisan and non profit, in order to keep the site up we rely on financial supprt from our readers. [52] In 1951 the Polish government made a reassessment of war losses that put actual losses at 5.1 million ethnic Poles and Jews; this study was to remain secret until the communist government collapsed. When he did declare war, it was a huge relief to the Roosevelt Administration, which instantly telegraphed, with the delight of having been won over by a dark seducer: Me too! In its fog, discerning its significance and direction is intrinsically difficult. The manner of the United States' entrance into both World Wars should be a warning to us in how we respond to Ukraine. This stance bears close comparison with President Bidens policy of inviting Ukraine to join NATO at some future date, but with no commitment of U.S. military power in the here and now. The whole strategy of Poland in 1939 was based on the fact that the UK and France, which had signed defensive military alliances with Poland prior WW2, were supposed to attack Germany two weeks into the war at the latest. Forces and resources of the European combatants, 1939, The Baltic states and the Russo-Finnish War, 193940, The war in the west, September 1939June 1940, The invasion of the Low Countries and France, Italys entry into the war and the French Armistice, The Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 194041, Pearl Harbor and the Japanese expansion, to July 1942, Developments from autumn 1941 to spring 1942, Allied strategy and controversies, 194042, The Germans summer offensive in southern Russia, 1942, The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942May 1943, Montgomerys Battle of el-Alamein and Rommels retreat, 194243, Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942February 1943, The invasion of northwest Africa, NovemberDecember 1942, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245, The Eastern Front, FebruarySeptember 1943, The Southwest and South Pacific, JuneOctober 1943, The Allied landings in Europe and the defeat of the Axis powers, Developments from autumn 1943 to summer 1944, Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, JulyAugust 1943, The Allies invasion of Italy and the Italian volte-face, 1943, The western Allies and Stalin: Cairo and Tehrn, 1943, The Eastern Front, October 1943April 1944, The war in the Pacific, October 1943August 1944, The Burmese frontier and China, November 1943summer 1944, Developments from summer 1944 to autumn 1945, The Allied invasions of western Europe, JuneNovember 1944, Allied policy and strategy: Octagon (Quebec II) and Moscow, 1944, The Philippines and Borneo, from September 1944, The German offensive in the west, winter 194445, The Soviet advance to the Oder, JanuaryFebruary 1945, The end of the Japanese war, FebruarySeptember 1945. One month later, he made some peace offers to the governments of Britain and France, who took long to reply. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami" (Poland 1939-1945. Jewish Losses- 2.4 million victims of Nazis and 100,000 of Soviet Terror. The nations of western Europe, however great their suffering from occupation, escaped with manpower losses that were hardly comparable with those of World War I. Hitler watching German troops on their way to Poland. 2000 2050. France, Battle of In the early dawn hours of April 9, German troops crossed the Danish border, and German warships sailed into Copenhagen 's harbour. Country (and successor state) Military. The Polish army managed to destroy more then one quarter of all German tanks, hundreds of armored cars and the Polish air force managed to shoot down hundreds of Germans planes. [14][15][16] The Nazi death camps located in Poland are sometimes incorrectly described as Polish death camps. Based on the 7TP tank chassis, a fully tracked artillery tractor named C7P was developed. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warszawa 2009, Lee Ready, World War Two: Nation by Nation, Arms & Armour, 1996, Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, University of New Hampshire at Manchester, Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, Europe at War 19391945: No Simple Victory, Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and For All: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943-1947, Timothy Snyder, Working Paper, Yale University, 2001. "Poland in the Second World War." One of the great pleasures of historical study is that it allows students to cast away the sorry stupid world in which they live, and instead enter the domain of lost civilizations that contain episodes of outstanding human endeavor and accomplishment. The C7P was designed to serve as a prime mover for the huge 220 mm wz.32 koda heavy mortar, in addition to serving as recovery vehicles. A version of this story appeared in Science, Vol 373, Issue 6557. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. Ryszard Kaczmarek, Polacy w Wehrmachcie, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Krakw 2010, p.412, Gerhard Reichning, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995. This was later corroborated by a top German General, Alfred Jodl, who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (and the man speaking to Hitler in the picture), who stated at the Nuremberg trials that: Dispropaganda is 100% independent non partisan and non profit, in order to keep the site up we rely on financial supprt from our readers. The original and supplementary records have since been transferred to the Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Administration located at: 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. Losses Inflicted on Poland by Germany during World War II. David Hendrickson is president of the John Quincy Adams Society and professor emeritus of political science at Colorado College. [56] Polish demographer Piotr Eberhardt maintains that it is commonly agreed that the criterion of declared language to classify ethnic groups led to an overestimation of the number of Poles in pre-war Poland. Page 20. History of Accounting for the War Dead from World War 2, U.S. Military World War 2 Medal of Honor Recipients, Negative Effects on the U.S. Economy Caused by World War 2, The P-51 Mustang in Europe, The need for and effects of the P-51 Mustang in the skies over Europe. Farmers were murdered during pacifications of villages. After youve shown that your word is not your bond, you face strong pressure to show that it is. In many cities, they were forced to live in segregated barracks behind barbed wire. Around 250,000 of France's 600,000 deaths were military personnel. Bajer calculated the estimated population losses of the 12 million ethnic Poles over the age of 15 who were capable of resistance during the German and Soviet occupation. Estimates of the total number of people killed during World War II have ranged from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a significant span, because statistics about the wars casualties are inexact. Polska 19391945. The invader finds itself doing all sorts of odious things that it did not intend, but which the press of necessity (the alternative is losing) seems to command. Current Historical U.N. Of the countrys total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. Some of the estimated numbers of deaths and wounded are unreliable and have been contested several times. The Institute of National Remembrance puts the confirmed death toll due to the Soviet occupation at 150,000 persons including 22,000 murdered Polish military officers and government officials in the Katyn massacre. Library in the U.S.). Czesaw uczak also authored an article in the Polish academic journal Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik, titled Szanse i trudnosci bilansu demograficznego Polski w latach 19391945 (Possibilities and Difficulties of the Demographic Balance in Poland 1939-1945), pages 914: Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Only when it became apparent that France and the UK had betrayed their Polish allies and left them to die, he invaded Poland on September 17th, much later than what he and Hitler planned. Figures rounded to thousands (and this device has been employed in all cases for total deaths) are estimates of varying reliability while omissions in any category indicate that any estimate would be the wildest of conjectures. Assessments and Estimatesan Outline The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 2007, no. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. The IPN also puts the number of Polish citizens conscripted into the German armed forces at 250,000 of whom 60,000 were killed in action. France plunged into a dark age, occupied by the Nazis with the terrible implications bombing raids, executions, deportation, murders and famine. [84], Source: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. However, it is estimated that at least 6.9 million of them were killed and another 7.3 million wounded. 92, 105, 118, and 325, Gross Pages 92-93(Gross cites Polish sources that show pre-war the average per capita grain consumption in Poland of 246.4 kg. [2][3] In 2009 the Polish government-affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) published the study "Polska 19391945. [52] In a 2009 study by the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance the total deaths of ethnic Poles and Jews were estimated at 5.6 to 5.8 million persons including 150,000 in Soviet captivity. The Ukraine War stirs many memories, but the most dramatic is a comparison between todays U.S. foreign policy and the outlook prevailing in the United States in the two years before American entry into the First and Second World Wars. Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 11, Materski and Szarota. Nazi war criminals became high ranking commanders in NATO after WW2. In a section on the demographic losses he presented estimated losses with some brief observations. He is a Professor of Sociology in the Social Science Division of the University of New Hampshire at Manchester. Estimated figures for World War II casualties are divergent and contradictory. Corrections? There were more than 60 million World War 2 casualties resulting in death which at the time was more than 2.5% of the overall world population. [49] In addition 61,000 . Civilian deaths from land battles, aerial bombardment, political and racial executions, war-induced disease and famine, and the sinking of ships probably exceeded battle casualties. The Battle of Bzura, on September 9, was the largest attack by the Poles during the war. They entered the Old World to reform it but then got swallowed and broken by its enmities. During World War 2 a total of 464 Medal of Honors were awarded with 266 of those posthumously. His website is davidhendrickson.org. Comparison Board edit. It began before Dawn on the 1st September as the German air force flew over Poland. This figure includes forced labor in Germany as well as in the USSR. The Soviet occupied territories of Poland, with total population of 13.0 million, was subjected to a reign of terror. The figure of 95-97,000 killed in the 1939 campaign includes 17-19,000 in Soviet hands as POW. "Dispropaganda" - An independent and politically unbiased website which strives to tell historical, political and contemporary, unfashionable, hidden truths through the use of satire and humor. World War II is considered the deadliest arm conflict in human history. John Hale, the sublime historian of Renaissance Europe, wrote that the scholars of the Renaissance, with all the great texts from antiquity now available to them, wanted to live in that time, not their own time. Bibliography: Without quite announcing it, the United States has created a Doomsday Machine, with built-in escalatory features, on Americas ragged geopolitical frontiers. The UK and France Declared War" on German, and that was it. According to research by the Institute of National Remembrance between 1939 and 1945, 1,897,000 [29] They were wrong, and the whole world would be made to pay the price for their dishonor and cowardice. Those basic parameters were followed until December 7, 1941. Dane te zostay uzupenione o wyliczenia z innych rde. We will one day have our historians who chart the descent from world empire to barbarian chaos, but they are unlikely to look back on our besotted age for models of statesmanship, on the odd chance they still use that word. Bureau odszkodowan wojennych(BOW), Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Prior to the war the area which became the General Government was not self sufficient in agricultural production and was a net importer of food from other regions of Poland. The American Ideas Institute is a nonprofit, non-partisan 501(c)(3) organization based in Washington, D.C. 2022 The American Conservative, a publication of The American Ideas Institute. (Many Polish Jews found refuge in the Soviet Union and other countries.) [27][28] Many mass executions took place outside prisons and camps such as the Mass murders in Pianica. Putin has given some acerbic critiques of Americas 2003 Iraq War, but on the fantasy quotient of total victory, no occupation his Ukraine War would appear to share the crooked expectations that attended Americas ill-starred war in Iraq. [75], Sourced from: Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Learn about the horrible conditions of German and Soviet prisoners of war during World War II, Witness the sinking of the German cruise liner MV, Forces and resources of the European combatants, 1939, The Baltic states and the Russo-Finnish War, 193940, The war in the west, September 1939June 1940, The invasion of the Low Countries and France, Italys entry into the war and the French Armistice, The Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 194041, Pearl Harbor and the Japanese expansion, to July 1942, Developments from autumn 1941 to spring 1942, Allied strategy and controversies, 194042, The Germans summer offensive in southern Russia, 1942, The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942May 1943, Montgomerys Battle of el-Alamein and Rommels retreat, 194243, Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942February 1943, The invasion of northwest Africa, NovemberDecember 1942, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245, The Eastern Front, FebruarySeptember 1943, The Southwest and South Pacific, JuneOctober 1943, The Allied landings in Europe and the defeat of the Axis powers, Developments from autumn 1943 to summer 1944, Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, JulyAugust 1943, The Allies invasion of Italy and the Italian volte-face, 1943, The western Allies and Stalin: Cairo and Tehrn, 1943, The Eastern Front, October 1943April 1944, The war in the Pacific, October 1943August 1944, The Burmese frontier and China, November 1943summer 1944, Developments from summer 1944 to autumn 1945, The Allied invasions of western Europe, JuneNovember 1944, Allied policy and strategy: Octagon (Quebec II) and Moscow, 1944, The Philippines and Borneo, from September 1944, The German offensive in the west, winter 194445, The Soviet advance to the Oder, JanuaryFebruary 1945, The end of the Japanese war, FebruarySeptember 1945. The 1947 Report of the Polish Bureau of War Damages considered only Poles and Jews in the 1939 population, other minorities were not included with the losses. Members of ethnic minority groups believe that the language criterion led to an overestimation of Poles. 32,000 Jews died in Polish military. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pg. The official Polish government report on war damages prepared in 1947 put Poland's war dead at 6,028,000; 3.0 million ethnic Poles and 3.0 million Jews not including losses of Polish citizens from the Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnic groups. Answer (1 of 5): Poland and France basically relied on having large numbers of infantry soldiers, with limited mobility and limited / outclassed air support, Germany practiced "Blitzkrieg": fast-moving armoured and mechanised formations, making the maximum use of firepower and maneuver. [48] The IPN did not estimate the death toll of Polish citizens from these ethnic minorities. government to members of the armed forces. [4], Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths due to Soviet repression at 90,000100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets[40], According to Zbigniew S. Siemaszko the total of those deported was 1,646,000 of whom 1,450,000 were residents and refugees (excluding POWs). The second reason has to do with the Polish state itself. During the war he was imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp. The Polish strategy was to try to preserve the bulk of its army for this future planned offensive, while defending the country. According to Ministry of Finance figures losses were 5,085,000 persons (1,706,700 Poles and 3,378,000) Jews[67], According to Assessments and Estimates: an Outline by Mateusz Gniazdowski:[66] "This discrepancy was explained by demographers who maintained that that the (BOW) included the "missing" category in the total population loss figure, based on the statistics of the end of 1945, while many people believed to have been dead either returned to the country, or remained abroad as emigres. Why? The conflict leading to the Battle of France erupted during September of 1939 in Poland where Adolf Hitler had hoped that the UK and France would acquiesce to his invasion and make peace. Defeat the Axis, said Franklin Roosevelt in 1940 and 1941, but stay out of the war. There were many innocent people who were just living a regular life didn't know what was about to hit them. "The Polish Campaign 1939." Was the Russian elite all lying when they said that the idea of a full-scale Russian invasion was a fantasy of the United States, that there was no way Putin would do something so foolish, that these projections reflected a big plot by the usual suspects? By Andrew Curry. During the Holocaust, Poland's Jewish population suffered the largest number of fatalities, with approximately three million deaths. [39], The Institute of National Remembrance puts the confirmed death toll due to the Soviet occupation at 150,000 persons including 22,000 murdered Polish military officers and government officials in the Katyn massacre. (Total 849,000: Killed 296,000; Prisoners of War 449,000; emigrated from Poland (Sept./Oct 1939) 104,000). German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the Gleiwitz incident. The Germans also sent three million Polish people back to the reich to be used as slaves. Different casualty estimates have always been put forward by historians and scholars. [4] Poland's losses by geographic area include about 3.5 million within the borders of present-day Poland, and about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. Civilians captured by German police for forced labor (Poland 1941), Germanization of Polish children in Nazi-German labor camp in, Polish casualties in English language sources, Krystyna Kersten, Szacunek strat osobowych w Polsce Wschodniej. The Soviet Union Overall, of the people killed in World War II, one-third of them were military and the rest civilians. These civilian deaths are even more difficult to determine, yet they must be counted in any comparative evaluation of national losses. Page 30, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum believes that "The Nazi terror was, in scholar Norman Davies's words, "much fiercer and more protracted in Poland than anywhere in Europe." The causes of World War 2 were complex and varied, but there are five main factors that contributed to its outbreak: Treaty of Versailles: The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement that ended World War 1 and was imposed on Germany by the Allied powers. What were the turning points of World War II? As Germany . Current estimates now show that the number of war dead within the postwar borders total 26.6 million individuals. 1. They sat behind the Maginot Line doing nothing, France made a few pathetic border skirmishes and the UK dropped leaflets on German cities. At both moments, there emerged a gigantic gap between what Americans wanted for the world and what they were actually prepared to do. Figure of 2,770,000 Poles does not include 100,000 victims of massacres in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. STANISAWA LESZCZYCKIEGO, Bibliography of Poland during World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland&oldid=1125563779, Total Population of ethnic Poles and Polish Jews (only) in 1939, Murdered in the extermination camps, executions, liquidation of ghettos, Prisons, concentration camps, epidemics, extenuation, bad treatment, Outside the camps: because of extenuation, wounds, injuries, beatings, hard labour, Victims of prisons and concentration camps, Ethnic Polish Victims During German Occupation, Less population Not Capable of Resistance, Population Capable of Resistance-October 1939, Population Capable of Resistance Oct 1939, Total population Capable of Resistance-May 1945, Population of 27,007,000 includes 5,193,000 Poles and Jews in the. Warsaw 1947. The deaths that directly resulted from the war are about 50-56 million people while about 19-28 million people died from war-related famine and diseases. In East Asia, the victims of famine and pestilence in China are to be numbered in the millions, in addition to other millions of both soldiers and civilians who perished in battle and bombardment. [33] Richard C. Lukas points out To be sure, the Poles would have starved to death if they had to depend on the food rationed to them. The Germans, when they unleashed unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, forced Wilsons hand. Maly Rocznik Statystyczny Polski- London 1941, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, "Between Nazis and Soviets: occupation politics in Poland, 1939-1947", Lexington Books, 2004, pgs. The Polish War casualties have been contradicted with the Polish government reporting 6.02 million deaths including 3 million ethnic Poles and 3 million Jews. That, along with use it or lose thinking by the military staffs, provided a great impetus to the ensuing conflagration. $39.67 + $13.18 shipping . [82], B. American war planners knew in 1941 that Germany was the primordial threat, but American public opinion had resided for two years in the same anomalous state as we find today in Ukraine policy. Those two examples, forgotten preludes to Americas entry into the two world wars, are disturbing because they suggest that one thing leads to another. During the war 522,149 ethnic Germans from other nations were settled in Poland by the Third Reich. People like to say that there were five different causes of World war 1. The Poles had great initial success by decimating two German divisions and taking 3500 German prisoners. Despite the western betrayal, If Russia had not invaded Poland in 17 September, 1939, Poland would have dragged the fighting for many more weeks. In addition to the above losses there was a decrease of 1,215,000 births. Total. Only later do we stand much chance of discerning the real truth. Polska 19391945. [71] Proch published Poland's Way of the Cross in 1987 in which he estimated Poland's war dead. [32] This Nazi policy caused a humanitarian crisis in Polands urban areas. Both of those factors are in play today. Tell us what youre willing to do now.. [39], E. Population Not Capable of Resistance(100% ages 114; 50% ages 1519; 30% women 20-39; 100% over 70 years and 632,000 disabled) [81], Source of figures: Bajer, Kazimierz Zakres udziau Polakw w walce o niepodlego na obszarze pastwa polskiego w latach 1939-1945, "Zeszyty Historyczne Stowarzyszenia onierzy Armii Krajowej", (Krakw) 1996 Page 14, A. Bajer uses the 1947 Bureau of War Damages figures as the base to compute his estimate of ethnic Polish war dead. The government of Germany reported that about 4.3 million military personnel either died or are missing and 0.5-2 million civilian deaths. The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". 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